Headend modeling of data

ABSTRACT

A data modeling method for modeling data for an electronic program guide (EPG) at a broadcast headend is described. The method includes grouping receiver types according to a first set of characteristics associated with a receiver type, thereby producing a plurality of groups of receivers, assigning a bit-number to each group of receivers, providing EPG data, the EPG data including data for display at an EPG, the EPG data being included in a data fragment, evaluating the data fragment and the EPG data included therein according to at least one characteristic from a second set of characteristics, thereby producing a result, adding metadata to the data fragment, the metadata including a bit field including the assigned bit number, the bit number being determined in accordance with the result, the metadata being indicative of at least one characteristic from the first set of characteristics with which a data container and EPG data included therein are associated, and broadcasting the data fragment in the data container. Related methods and apparatus are also described.

RELATED APPLICATION INFORMATION

The present application claims the benefit of priority based on UKPatent Application GB 0511774.2 of NDS Limited, filed 9 Jun. 2005, andtitled, “EXTENDED SERVICE INFORMATION 2 (XSI-2)”. The disclosure of UKPatent Application GB 0511774.2 is incorporated herein by reference.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The present invention, in preferred embodiment thereof, relates tomethods for conveying program guide information from a broadcast headendto a set top box.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

PCT application PCT/IL02/00190 of NDS Ltd., published in the Englishlanguage as WO 02/075596 on 26 Sep. 2002, and corresponding U.S. patentapplication Ser. No. 10/469,487 of Sterkin et al., published on 29 Jul.2004 as US 2004/0148637, describes a method for accessing at least oneliteral data item in a hierarchical structure, the method includingreceiving a request to access at least one literal data item, andaccessing the at least one literal data item, at least in part, bychoosing and using an access method chosen from the following group:local storage access, back channel access, and data carousel access. Thedisclosures of WO 02/075596 and corresponding US 2004/0148637 are herebyincorporated herein by reference.

PCT application PCT/US00/23868 of Ismail et al., published in theEnglish language as WO 01/17250, describes a system residing preferablyin a television set-top box, wherein the system monitors the televisionwatching habits of one or more viewers and creates one or more profilesfor each viewers descriptive of various characteristics of each viewers,including television watching preferences and demographics. The set-topbox is able to select among various available video programming segmentsto create customized and/or targeted video programs for delivery to theviewer of viewers as a linear program. The customized linear videoprograms may include targeted content, advertising, and other videoprogramming.

PCT application PCT/US2005/024854 of SBC Knowledge Ventures L.P.,published in the English language as WO 2006/019819, describes a methodof pre-caching video content is provided and includes measuring anavailable bandwidth of a data connection to a set top box. The availablebandwidth measurement can be an average available bandwidth of the dataconnection to the set top box or a minimum available bandwidth of thedata connection to the set top box. Each of a plurality of video filesis divided into a first portion and a second portion and the size ofeach first portion is based on the available bandwidth measurement. Thefirst portion of each of the plurality of video files is downloaded overthe data connection and stored in a memory within the set top box. Alist is displayed at a display device and includes a list of videotitles that correspond to the plurality of video files that have only afirst portion downloaded to the memory.

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/877,718 of Wilson et al., publishedin the English language as US 2002/0049968, describes a method andapparatus for delivering targeted assets to subscribers usingcommunication media, wherein each subscriber has a set top box, themethod comprising the steps of generating a profile of each subscriberat the set top box associated with the respective subscriber,broadcasting an asset to all subscribers along with target information;and delivering the asset only to subscribers whose profiles match thetarget information. The delivery of the asset, and accumulatedinformation from delivery of the asset to other subscribers, is reportedto a user using an asset delivery notification, without identifying thesubscriber to the user. A privacy manager is used to stripidentification information from the asset delivery notification. Theprofile, which may include real time information, for example on whetherthe subscriber set is on and what it is tuned to, is generated bymonitoring the viewing habits of the subscriber and storing theinformation at a set top box.

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/247,739 of Bennett et al., publishedin the English language as US 2006/0026302, describes a media servercomponent operative to serve media programs to a plurality of clientmedia players across a distribution network taking into considerationavailable data transfer rate and media player characteristics. The mediaprograms are served adaptively, considering screen size, refresh raterequired, frame rate, audio format, user preferences at the recipientmedia player's end (such as region of interest adaptation, resizing ofthe windows, or desired quality of display) and estimated available datatransfer rate. The media server component responds to the channelconditions (such as available data transfer rate), recipient media audioand video characteristics and the user preferences at the recipientdevice's end in real time, by either delivering a stored program ortranscoding the stored program in real time. The media servercomponents, when incorporated into many different media players thatprocess video signals, deliver media programs adaptively to the clientdevices. The media server component in the set top box allows multipleusers to receive media programs or television broadcasts adaptivelymeeting the player display characteristics of the recipient devices ofthe users.

U.S. Pat. No. 6,362,853 to Ouchiyama et al., describes a method anddevice for picture display capable of performing suitable picturedisplay corresponding to various video signals. Kind of an input videosignal is determined based on prestored characteristic information onvideo signals, and the input video signal is displayed in a pictureaccording to the characteristic information based on the abovedetermined result, so that a suitable displayed picture can be obtainedcorresponding to the input video signal.

U.S. Pat. No. 5,951,639 to MacInnis, describes a system for downloadingdifferent versions of software or data modules into a plurality ofterminals having different compatibility interfaces includes anauthoring component for generating the different module versions, adownloading source including a descriptor table which associates eachmodule version with a list of compatibility requirements needed todownload the module, and a plurality of terminals coupled to thedownloading source. The downloading source transmits the descriptortable to each terminal and also continuously transmits the modules overthe network. Each terminal extracts the descriptor table and, based on amatch between an entry in the descriptor table and an internally storedtable determines which version of a particular module should bedownloaded. The system avoids the need for two-way communication betweeneach terminal and the downloading source.

U.S. Pat. No. 6,718,374 to Del Sordo et al., describes a method andsystem to identify programming code that is appropriate to thearchitecture and capabilities of a set-top terminal in a cabletelevision system. The appropriate programming code is identified fromamong a variety of code objects being broadcast from the headendfacility of the cable television system. A platform identifier stored inthe set-top terminal is matched to a corresponding platform identifierin an entitlement management message or other download locator messagethat specifies where in the transport stream from the headend aparticular code object can be acquired. By acquiring the objectcorresponding to the message bearing a matching platform identifier, theset-top terminal acquires programming code compatible with itsattributes. Additionally, the cable television system can then optimallysupport a varied population of set-top terminals

Standards that are relevant to understanding the state of the artinclude the following published standards:

ETS 300 468, Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB) Specification for ServiceInformation(SI) in DVB Systems;

ETR 162, Digital broadcasting systems for television, sound and dataservices; Allocation of Service Information (SI) codes for Digital VideoBroadcasting (DVB) systems;

ETR 211, Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB); Guidelines on Implementationand Usage of Service Information (SI);

XML Schema Part 1: Structure,www.w3.org/TR/2001/REC-xmlschema-1-20010502/;

XML Schema Part 2: Datatypes,www.w3.org/TR/2001/REC-xmlschema-2-20010502/; and

XML Path Language (XPath) Version 1.0,www.w3.org/TR/1999/REC-xpath-19991116.

The disclosures of all references mentioned above and throughout thepresent specification, as well as the disclosures of all referencesmentioned in those references, are hereby incorporated herein byreference.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The present invention seeks to provide an improved method of delivery ofdata, preferably electronic program guide (EPG) data, to receivers.Packets of data are tagged for particular types of receivers. Thus,packet A might be relevant for three receiver types, and packet B mightbe relevant for only one receiver type. EPG data for items further inthe future are sent to fewer receivers. Receivers having largercaches/disk sizes are sent more info. For example and without limitingthe generality of the foregoing, receivers having larger caches/disksizes may preferably receive information enabling such receivers todisplay richer descriptions of upcoming programs. Alternatively, somereceivers may comprise receivers appropriate for standard definitiontelevision, while other receivers comprise receivers appropriate forhigh definition television.

There is thus provided in accordance with a preferred embodiment of thepresent invention a data modeling method for modeling data for anelectronic program guide (EPG) at a broadcast headend, the methodincluding grouping receiver types according to a first set ofcharacteristics associated with a receiver type, thereby producing aplurality of groups of receivers, assigning a bit-number to each groupof receivers, providing EPG data, the EPG data including data fordisplay at an EPG, the EPG data being included in a data fragment,evaluating the data fragment and the EPG data included therein accordingto at least one characteristic from a second set of characteristics,thereby producing a result, adding metadata to the data fragment, themetadata including a bit field including the assigned bit number, thebit number being determined in accordance with the result, the metadatabeing indicative of at least one characteristic from the first set ofcharacteristics with which a data container and EPG data includedtherein are associated, and broadcasting the data fragment in the datacontainer.

Further in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the presentinvention the first set of characteristics includes at least one of thefollowing receiver characteristics receiver hard drive size, a receivercache size, the receiver being high definition television enabled, andwhether the receiver includes a hard drive.

Still further in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the presentinvention the second set of characteristics includes at least one of thefollowing characteristics a time when program material associated withthe EPG data is scheduled to be broadcast, the receiver hard drive size,the receiver cache size, the receiver being high definition televisionenabled, and whether the receiver includes a hard drive.

Additionally in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the presentinvention the receiver includes a set top box (S TB).

Moreover in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the presentinvention the receiver includes a personal video recorder (PVR).

Further in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the presentinvention the receiver includes an integrated digital television (IDTV).

Still further in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the presentinvention the bit number includes a bitmap bit-value.

There is also provided in accordance with another preferred embodimentof the present invention a data update method for program guide data,the method including broadcasting a number of data containers, thenumber denoted M, each data container including at least a partialupdate to previously broadcasted program guide data, throughout atime-window of a fixed duration, denoted T, and utilizing each datacontainer to broadcast every M-th at least a partial update after aninitial use of the data container, thereby creating a cycle of updatecontainers, wherein broadcasting the cycle of update containerscontinues until there are no further updates occurring within thetime-window T, at which time broadcasting the cycle of update containersis paused.

Further in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the presentinvention each data container includes a version number.

Still further in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the presentinvention version number includes a version number of an EPG dataset.

Additionally in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the presentinvention and wherein the number of data containers, M, includes a fixednumber of data containers.

Moreover in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the presentinvention the number of data containers, M, includes a variable numberof data containers.

Further in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the presentinvention a plurality of data containers include a complete update topreviously broadcasted program guide data.

Still further in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the presentinvention receivers receiving the data containers sequentially apply theat least partial updates included in the data containers.

Additionally in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the presentinvention the M data containers continue to be broadcast when the cycleof updates is paused.

There is also provided in accordance with still another preferredembodiment of the present invention a data update method for programguide data, the method including broadcasting a number of datacontainers, the number denoted M, each data container including at leasta partial update to previously broadcasted program guide data, during atime-window of a fixed duration, denoted T, wherein the broadcast ofdata containers continues until there are no further updates occurringwithin time-window T, at which time the broadcast of data containers ispaused.

Further in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the presentinvention each data container includes a version number.

Still further in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the presentinvention the version number includes a version number of an EPGdataset.

Additionally in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the presentinvention the number of data containers, M, includes a fixed number.

Moreover in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the presentinvention and wherein the number of data containers, M, includes avariable number.

Further in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the presentinvention a plurality of data containers include a complete update topreviously broadcasted program guide data.

Still further in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the presentinvention a life-span of the complete update exceeds a period betweenbroadcast of a first complete update and broadcast of a second completeupdate.

Additionally in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the presentinvention receivers receiving the data containers sequentially apply theat least partial updates included in the data containers.

There is also provided in accordance with still another preferredembodiment of the present invention a method of updating electronicprogram guide (EPG) data, the method including applying a version numberto an EPG data set, incrementing the version number with each EPG dataset update, broadcasting only a subset of EPG data set updates on a mainEPG data transponder, and broadcasting all EPG data set updates as partof a trickle update stream.

There is also provided in accordance with still another preferredembodiment of the present invention a method for updating an electronicprogram guide (EPG) data set at a receiver, the method includingreceiving an EPG data set, the EPG data set being broadcast from a mainEPG transponder, extracting an EPG data set version number from thereceived EPG data set, storing the extracted EPG data set versionnumber, storing the EPG data set, downloading an EPG data set updateincluding a sequentially next highest EPG data set version number,updating the stored EPG data set according to the downloaded EPG dataset update, and storing the sequentially next highest EPG data setversion number.

There is also provided in accordance with still another preferredembodiment of the present invention a data modeling system for modelingdata for an electronic program guide (EPG) at a broadcast headend, thesystem including a receiver type grouping unit, operative to groupreceiver types according to a first set of characteristics associatedwith each receiver type, thereby producing a plurality of groups ofreceivers, an assigner operative to assign a bit-number to each group ofreceivers, an EPG data provider which provides EPG data, the EPG dataincluding data for display at an EPG, the EPG data being included in adata fragment, an evaluator which evaluates the data fragment and theEPG data included therein according to at least one characteristic froma second set of characteristics, thereby producing a result, a metadataadding unit operative to add metadata to the data fragment, the metadataincluding a bit field including the assigned bit number, the bit numberbeing determined in accordance with the result, the metadata beingindicative of at least one characteristic from the first set ofcharacteristics with which the data container and EPG data includedtherein are associated, and a broadcast system operative to broadcastthe data fragment in the data container.

There is also provided in accordance with still another preferredembodiment of the present invention a data update system for programguide data, the system including a broadcast unit operative to broadcasta number of data containers, the number denoted M, each data containerincluding at least a partial update to previously broadcasted programguide data, during a time-window of a fixed duration, denoted T, and thebroadcast unit being operative to utilize each data container tobroadcast every M-th at least a partial update after an initial use ofthe data container, thereby creating a cycle of update containers,wherein broadcasting the cycle of update containers continues untilthere are no further updates occurring within the time-window T, atwhich time the broadcasting of the cycle of updates is paused.

There is also provided in accordance with still another preferredembodiment of the present invention a data update system for programguide data, the system including a broadcast unit which broadcasts anumber of data containers, the number denoted M, each data containerincluding at least a partial update to previously broadcasted programguide data, during a time-window of a fixed duration, denoted T, whereinthe broadcast of the data containers continues until there are nofurther updates occurring within the time-window T, at which time thebroadcast of the data containers is paused.

There is also provided in accordance with still another preferredembodiment of the present invention a system for updating electronicprogram guide (EPG) data, the system including an EPG data set versionnumber mechanism which applies a version number to an EPG data set, anincrementer which increments the version number with each EPG data setupdate, and a broadcast unit operative to perform at least one of thefollowing broadcast only a subset of EPG data set updates on a main EPGdata transponder, and broadcast all EPG data set updates as part of atrickle update stream.

There is also provided in accordance with still another preferredembodiment of the present invention a system for updating an electronicprogram guide data set at a receiver, the system including a receiveroperative to receive a broadcast EPG data set, the broadcast EPG dataset being broadcast from a main EPG transponder, an extractor operativeto extract an EPG data set version number from the received broadcastEPG data set, a storage unit which stores the extracted EPG data setversion number, a second storage unit which stores the receivedbroadcast EPG data set, a downloader which downloads an EPG data setupdate including a sequentially next highest EPG data set versionnumber, an updater which updates the received broadcast EPG data setstored in the storage unit according to the downloaded EPG data setupdate, and a data updater which stores the sequentially next highestEPG data set version number.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The present invention will be understood and appreciated more fully fromthe following detailed description, taken in conjunction with thedrawings in which:

FIG. 1 is a simplified pictorial illustration of a system in which datamodeling by a headend is implemented, constructed and operative inaccordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a simplified block diagram illustration depicting differentunits of data at a broadcast headend, different types of receivers, anda relationship between the different units of data and the differenttypes of receivers within the system of FIG. 1;

FIG. 3 is simplified timeline depicting modeled data for items closer tothe present and further in the future, in accordance with the system ofFIG. 1;

FIG. 4 is a simplified timeline depicting update message delivery withinthe system of FIG. 1;

FIG. 5 is a simplified block diagram illustration of data generation anddata modeling at the broadcast headend within the system of FIG. 1; and

FIGS. 6-9 are simplified flowchart illustrations of preferred methods ofoperation of the system of FIG. 1, in accordance with preferredembodiments thereof.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF A PREFERRED EMBODIMENT

Reference is now made to FIG. 1, which is a simplified pictorialillustration of a system in which data modeling by a headend isimplemented, constructed and operative in accordance with a preferredembodiment of the present invention. The system of FIG. 1 comprises asystem for preparation of data for an electronic program guide (EPG),the system for preparation of data being comprised in a televisionbroadcast center 20. The system for preparation of data for the EPG isdescribed below, with reference to FIGS. 2-4. In addition, thetelevision broadcast center 20 comprises standard broadcast hardware andsoftware, as is well known in the art.

FIG. 1 depicts a first viewer 30 viewing television in a first location40 on a first television 50 receiving television signals from a firstreceiver 60. The first receiver 60 is operative to receive televisiondata and metadata signals from the television broadcast center 20. Asecond viewer 130 is also viewing television in a second location 140 ona second television 150 receiving television signals from a secondreceiver 160. The second receiver 160 is operative to receive televisiondata and metadata signals from the television broadcast center.

The term “receiver,” in all of its grammatical forms, as used herein inthe present disclosure and claims is understood to refer to any of settop boxes (STB), integrated digital televisions (IDTV), personal videorecorders (PVR), and digital video recorders (DVR), as are well known inthe art. All of the terms, receiver, STB, PVR, and DVR are usedinterchangeably herein.

The first receiver 60 and the second receiver 160 comprise a differentset of characteristics. For example and without limiting the generalityof the foregoing, a particular receiver may have:

a large cache size or a small cache size; and

no internal hard drive, a small internal hard drive, or a large internalhard drive. (It is appreciated that the terms “large” and “small” arerelative terms, and are only intended to be used as comparatives betweenthe first and the second receiver.)

In the scene depicted in FIG. 1, the EPG legend 70 appearing on thefirst television 50 is different from the EPG legend 170 appearing onthe second television 150. The difference in between the EPG legend 70appearing on the first television 50 and the EPG legend 170 appearing onthe second television 150 is preferably a result of each of the firstreceiver 60 and the second receiver 160 receiving a different set of EPGdata. The determination of which set of EPG data each of the firstreceiver 60 and the second receiver 160 receives is preferably based oncharacteristics inherent in each receiver 60, 160.

The operation of the system of FIG. 1 is now explained with reference toFIGS. 2-4.

Reference is now made to FIG. 2, which is a simplified block diagramillustration depicting different units of data at a broadcast headendlocated at the broadcast center 20, different types of receivers 200,and a relationship between the different units of data and the differenttypes of receivers within the system of FIG. 1. Each of the differenttypes of receivers 200 is depicted as comprising a cache 203, 206, 209,212, 215, 218, the cache depicted as either a small cache 203, 209, 215,or a large cache 206, 212, 218. As is well known in the art, receiverstypically comprise two different types of cache:

persistent cache—a cache that retains metadata after the receiver hasleft a metadata providing service; and

performance cache—a cache that only holds metadata while the receiver istuned (or otherwise connected) to the metadata providing service.Performance cache preferably decreases access time to the metadatastored therein. Typically, higher capability receivers utilize a largeperformance cache, thereby improving receiver performance.

Metadata is typically broadcast, in a periodic fashion, by the broadcastheadend 20 as data carousels. Delivery of metadata in carouselspreferably enables receivers to retrieve the metadata when the metadatais required for immediate use. As opposed to carousel delivery, themetadata is also delivered in an alternative fashion, trickle delivery.Trickle delivery preferably comprises delivery of metadata in a carouselwith a long cycle time. Trickle delivery typically is used either tomaintain a dataset which has previously been downloaded, or,alternatively, to deliver data over a long period. Metadata which istrickle delivered typically cannot be retrieved for immediate use.

Some satellite broadcast systems utilize different transponders: adedicated transponder for EPG data and at least one transponder fornon-EPG data, such as audio-visual data. Typically, trickle delivery ofdata is performed over the at least one transponder for non-EPG data.Carousel delivery of data is typically performed over the EPGtransponder.

As depicted in FIG. 2, different receivers have different functionality(depicted in FIG. 2 as different cache sizes and different hard drivesizes, additionally and/or alternatively, different functionality maycomprise receivers for standard definition television and highdefinition television (not depicted in FIG. 2)), and therefore, it ispreferable that different types of metadata are broadcast from thebroadcast headend, preferably such that each one of the different typesof metadata is appropriate for at least one of the different types ofreceivers.

It is appreciated that different receivers may have different sizes ofpersistent cache. Therefore, it is preferable that different sizes ofmetadata be sent to the different receivers.

Receivers preferably maintain cached data by accessing trickle delivery.Trickle delivery typically entails downloading data and caching thedownloaded data in the persistent cache. It is appreciated that areceiver comprising a larger persistent cache typically functions moreefficiently than a receiver with a smaller persistent cache.

An EPG application running in the receiver preferably is able to detectwhich types of data should be acquired, at least based on a receiverprofile available to the EPG application. In some preferred embodimentsof the present invention, as described below, the broadcast headendpreferably labels the metadata as relevant for a given receiver profile.

Returning to the discussion of FIG. 2, different receivers 200 aredepicted as comprising different size caches 203, 206, 209, 212, 215,218, and comprising either no hard drive (STB_A, STB_B) or comprisingdifferent size hard drives 220, 223, 226, 229. Alternatively and/oradditionally (although not depicted in FIG. 2), some receivers maycomprise receivers for standard definition television and otherreceivers may comprise receivers for high definition television.

In preparation for broadcast, metadata 240 at the broadcast headend ispreferably comprised in a data container. The metadata comprised in thedata container preferably comprises “fragments” of data. The phrase“fragment of data”, in all of its grammatical forms, as used in thepresent disclosure and claims, refers to the smallest meaningful unit ofdata which can be decoded independently of other units of data. Eachfragment describes an entity, such as a Channel, a Program, an Instance,etc. Many fragments are collated together into broadcast containers forbroadcast.

A fragment preferably comprises at least an indicator indicating whichcharacteristics of a particular receiver the data comprised in the datacontainer is appropriate for. For example and without limiting thegenerality of the foregoing, a particular data container might comprisea fragment appropriate for a receiver comprising a large cache (depictedin FIG. 2 as STB_(—B, STB)_D, and STB_F), while a second data containermight comprise a different fragment appropriate for a receivercomprising a small capacity hard drive (depicted in FIG. 2 as STB_C andSTB D). Data fragments depicted in FIG. 2 are depicted as labeled:

A, B, E;

B, D, E;

C;

C, D, F;

A, B, C, D, E; and

A, E.

Labeling data fragments in FIG. 2 as indicated above is intended todepict that data fragments comprising data for only particular receiversare “marked” with metadata reflecting which receivers correspond to themarking of the data fragments. For instance, in FIG. 2: the datafragments marked A, B, D comprises data which is appropriate forreceiver STB_A, receiver STB_B, and receiver STB_D; the data fragmentsmarked C comprises data which is only appropriate for receiver STB_(—C;)the data fragments marked A, E comprises data which is appropriate forSTB_A and STB_E; and so forth.

Reference is now made to FIG. 3, which is a simplified timelinedepicting modeled data for items closer to the present and further inthe future, in accordance with the system of FIG. 1. In preferredembodiments of the present invention, EPG data for items further in thefuture are sent to fewer receivers. Thus, FIG. 3 depicts data containersplotted on a time line. A data container at or near the present timecomprises data fragments appropriate for all of the different receivertypes depicted in FIG. 2. As data containers are depicted further in thefuture on the timeline, progressively fewer receiver types areassociated with each data fragments comprised in the data container.

Those skilled in the art will appreciate that those receivers comprisinglarger caches and larger hard drives are able to store more information.Thus, such receivers are more able to store information relevant to anevent further in the future than a receiver comprising a relativelysmall cache and either no hard drive or a relatively small hard drive.In order that all receivers are able to tune to a given program in thepresent or in the very near future, program guide data for all programsin the present and in the very near future is made available to allreceivers. For example and without limiting the generality of theforegoing, it is appreciated that some receivers may only be able tostore enough data for the program guide to show information aboutprograms a week in the future while other receivers may be able to storeenough data for the program guide to show information about programs twoweeks in the future.

In one preferred method for sorting program guide data based on time,each data fragment comprises a bit-mask, wherein each bit of thebit-mask preferably represents a period of time. To acquire data for oneperiod, all fragments comprising the bit-mask for the relevant periodset to ‘1’ are preferably acquired. Since some television programscomprise content broadcast in more than one period, television programsare preferably grouped by combinations of periods for which they arerequired.

For example and without limiting the generality of the foregoing, alltelevision programs required for a first and a second period are groupedtogether such that data fragments comprising program guide dataassociated with such programs have bits ‘0’ and ‘1’ set in the bit-mask.A second data fragment comprising data for television programs requiredfor the first, the second period, and a fourth period are groupedtogether such that data fragments comprising program guide dataassociated with such programs have bits ‘0’, ‘1’, and ‘3’ set. If thebit-mask comprises six bits, 64 possible combinations are possible. Thefollowing table indicates one preferred implementation of the bit-maskscheme described above.

Bit Meaning Receiver Profile 0 0 to <N> hours Standard definition, nohard drive 1 0 to 48 hours Standard definition, no hard drive 2 0 to 6days Standard definition, no hard drive 3 0 to 8 days Standarddefinition, no hard drive 4 0 to 8+ days Standard definition, no harddrive 5 0 to 8+ days Standard definition, with hard drive 6 0 to 4 daysHigh definition enabled, no hard drive 7 0 to 8+ days High definitionenabled, with hard driveN is a broadcaster configurable amount of time. It is appreciated thatdata fragments in which bit ‘5’ is set will be cached primarily byhigh-end, standard definition only receivers that preferablypersistently cache all available data.

In a typical broadcast system, all receivers will preferably cache datafor the first <N> hours. Typically, such data is preferably used toprovide data for a part-screen EPG display available during televisionviewing, as is well known in the art.

In light of the above discussions of FIGS. 2 and 3, one preferredembodiment of the present invention comprises:

data containers comprising data fragments for the program guide arebroadcast on the EPG transponder, thereby preferably enabling fastaccess to program guide information and cache initialization data;

update messages are broadcast on all transponders, in order to keep thereceiver cache up to date; and

messages are broadcast with metadata identifying with which receiver orreceivers any given message is associated.

Reference is now made to FIG. 4, which is a simplified timelinedepicting update message delivery within the system of FIG. 1. Updatemessaging preferably utilizes a scheme designed to efficiently deliverdata and to be resilient with regards to interruptions to messagereception. Resilience with regards to interruptions to message receptionimpinges on data delivery, as resilience requires sending messages for alonger period, thereby increasing bit-rate required to send a message.In some preferred embodiments of the present invention, a method mixinglow-latency updates with resilience is implemented.

EPG data at the broadcast headend is updated periodically. The broadcastheadend preferably increments the EPG data version number when updatingthe EPG data. Every Nth update change is reflected in the data on thededicated transponder for EPG data (where N is a broadcasterconfigurable number). The receiver preferably acquires the datacontainers comprising EPG updates, thereby ensuring that the receiver isup-to-date with the most recent version of EPG data available. It isappreciated that EPG data updates are preferably always available fromthe trickle deliveries.

All updates occurring within a time-window, hereinafter referred to asT, are delivered as updated data fragments in a first data container.The first data container is preferably broadcast for a period equal tosome number, denoted M, times T. During a second time-window,hereinafter denoted T₂, further updated data fragments are preferablybroadcast in a second data container. The second data container is alsopreferably broadcast for a period equal to M times T. If there are morethan M containers, a given container is preferably not reusedimmediately, but rather ceases to be broadcast for a period of time. Itis appreciated that container version numbers periodically arepreferably reused (for example and without limiting the generality ofthe foregoing, container version numbers may range from 0-255), therebyeffectively limiting the number of containers.

Alternatively, if there are M available data containers, then the firstdata container is preferably available to be used again after thecompletion of the first data container's broadcast period. Thus, thefirst data container is preferably utilized to broadcast the M+1 set ofdata updates. The M+1 set of data updates preferably comprises anincremented version number of the EPG data. Likewise, the second datacontainer is preferably utilized to broadcast the M+2 set of dataupdates, and so forth, thereby creating a cycle of update containers.

If no updates occur within time-window T, the cycle of update containersis preferably paused and preferably resumed only when an update occurs.When the cycle of update containers is paused, all M containerspreferably continue to be delivered, but without an incremented versionnumber.

As mentioned above, each of the M update containers preferably comprisesan EPG version number, each update container comprising an initialversion number preferably ranging from 1-M. Each update containerversion number therefore preferably is incremented by M at eachincrement. Thus, the receiver is preferably able to determine whetherone update container or another update container comprises an olderupdate. Thus, the receiver is preferably able to apply updates in acorrect order, after starting to monitor for updates after caching EPGdata, or, alternatively, after the receiver resumes receiving updatesafter a brief interruption.

It is appreciated that if monitoring is interrupted for longer than Ttimes M, the receiver will have missed updates, and accordingly, thereceiver preferably needs to reacquire all missing EPG data from the EPGtransponder.

Those skilled in the art will appreciate that an entire EPG datasetcomprises a version number. The broadcast headend periodically updatesthe EPG dataset and increments the version number. For example andwithout limiting the generality of the foregoing, the EPG dataset may beupdated once a minute. The

EPG transponder typically carries a complete EPG dataset, but does notreflect every increment in versions of the EPG dataset. For example, theEPG dataset on the EPG transponder may change every 5 minutes andthereby deliver version 0, then version 4, and then version 9, and soforth. The reason for not incrementing the EPG dataset on the EPGtransponder frequently is to provide a more stable set of EPG data fromwhich it is easier for the receiver to initialize caching. The updatestream carries update messages. A set of update messages is deliveredfor every increment in version number. Each set of updates is preferablydelivered for a period of time which is greater than the period overwhich the broadcast headend applies updates. The receiver preferablystores the version number of the EPG data which the receiver has cached.The receiver preferably uses the update stream to incrementally applyupdates of the EPG data, until the cached data version stored on thereceiver is preferably the same as the version of the EPG dataset at theheadend.

Version numbers of data broadcast on the EPG transponder updatecontainers, and EPG data comprised at the broadcast headend preferablyall comprise the same version number. Thus, the same information,whether comprised in an update container or broadcast on the EPGtransponder preferably comprises the same version number. A new set ofEPG data is preferably broadcast for delivery and preferably acquired byreceivers before the update containers complete a cycle period of Ttimes M. Updates to a complete set of EPG data preferably occur with aperiod of K times T, where K is an integer less than M.

A complete set of EPG data is preferably acquired by the receiver frombroadcast data in less than the time period T times M. If a new set ofprogram data is not delivered and acquired, then the receiver will missneeded updates.

Reference is now made to FIG. 5, which is a simplified block diagramillustration of data generation and data modeling at the broadcastheadend within the system of FIG. 1. FIG. 5 depicts a highlyconceptualized scheme of data modeling. EPG data is generated foreventual delivery to receivers at a data generation unit 510 comprisedin the broadcast headend. Those skilled in the art will appreciate thatin practice the data generation unit 510 may comprise several distinctpieces of hardware, software, or combinations thereof. Nevertheless, forease of depiction, the data generation unit 510 is depicted as a singleunit.

EPG data 520 generated at the data generation unit 510 is preferablyinput into a data modeling unit 530. Data comprising metadata indicatingwith which receiver types the EPG data 520 is associated is added to theEPG data 520 by the data modeling unit 530. The labeled EPG data 540 ispreferably output by the data modeling unit 530 for further processingat the broadcast headend and for broadcast, as is well known in the art.

Reference is now made to FIGS. 6-9, which are simplified flowchartillustrations of preferred methods of operation of the system of FIG. 1,in accordance with preferred embodiments thereof: FIGS. 6-9 are believedto be self explanatory with reference to the above discussion.

It is appreciated that software components of the present invention may,if desired, be implemented in ROM (read only memory) form. The softwarecomponents may, generally, be implemented in hardware, if desired, usingconventional techniques.

It is appreciated that various features of the invention which are, forclarity, described in the contexts of separate embodiments may also beprovided in combination in a single embodiment. Conversely, variousfeatures of the invention which are, for brevity, described in thecontext of a single embodiment may also be provided separately or in anysuitable subcombination.

It will be appreciated by persons skilled in the art that the presentinvention is not limited by what has been particularly shown anddescribed hereinabove. Rather the scope of the invention is defined onlyby the claims which follow:

1. A data modeling method for modeling data for an electronic programguide (EPG) at a broadcast headend, the method comprising: groupingreceiver types according to a first set of characteristics associatedwith a receiver type, thereby producing a plurality of groups ofreceivers; assigning a bit-number to each group of receivers; providingEPG data, the EPG data comprising data for display at an EPG, the EPGdata being comprised in a data fragment; evaluating the data fragmentand the EPG data comprised therein according to at least onecharacteristic from a second set of characteristics, thereby producing aresult; adding metadata to the data fragment, the metadata comprising abit field comprising the assigned bit number, the bit number beingdetermined in accordance with the result, the metadata being indicativeof at least one characteristic from the first set of characteristicswith which a data container and EPG data comprised therein areassociated; and broadcasting the data fragment in the data container. 2.The method according to claim 1 and wherein the first set ofcharacteristics comprises at least one of the following receivercharacteristics: receiver hard drive size; a receiver cache size; thereceiver being high definition television enabled; and whether thereceiver comprises a hard drive.
 3. The method according to claim 2 andwherein the second set of characteristics comprises at least one of thefollowing characteristics: a time when program material associated withthe EPG data is scheduled to be broadcast; the receiver hard drive size;the receiver cache size; the receiver being high definition televisionenabled; and whether the receiver comprises a hard drive.
 4. The methodaccording to claim 1 and wherein the receiver comprises a set top box(STB).
 5. The method according to claim 1 and wherein the receivercomprises a personal video recorder (PVR).
 6. The method according toclaim 1 and wherein the receiver comprises an integrated digitaltelevision (IDTV).
 7. The method according to claim 1 and wherein thebit number comprises a bitmap bit-value. 8-25. (canceled)
 26. A datamodeling system for modeling data for an electronic program guide (EPG)at a broadcast headend, the system comprising: a receiver type groupingunit, operative to group receiver types according to a first set ofcharacteristics associated with each receiver type, thereby producing aplurality of groups of receivers; an assigner operative to assign abit-number to each group of receivers; an EPG data provider whichprovides EPG data, the EPG data comprising data for display at an EPG,the EPG data being comprised in a data fragment; an evaluator whichevaluates the data fragment and the EPG data comprised therein accordingto at least one characteristic from a second set of characteristics,thereby producing a result; a metadata adding unit operative to addmetadata to the data fragment, the metadata comprising a bit fieldcomprising the assigned bit number, the bit number being determined inaccordance with the result, the metadata being indicative of at leastone characteristic from the first set of characteristics with which thedata container and EPG data comprised therein are associated; and abroadcast system operative to broadcast the data fragment in the datacontainer. 27-30. (canceled)
 31. A data modeling system for modelingdata for an electronic program guide (EPG) at a broadcast headend, thesystem comprising: means for receiver type grouping, grouping receivertypes according to a first set of characteristics associated with eachreceiver type, thereby producing a plurality of groups of receivers;means for assigning a bit-number to each group of receivers; means forproviding EPG data, the EPG data comprising data for display at an EPG,the EPG data being comprised in a data fragment; means for data fragmentevaluation, evaluating the data fragment and the EPG data comprisedtherein according to at least one characteristic from a second set ofcharacteristics, thereby producing a result; means for adding metadatato the data fragment, the metadata comprising a bit field comprising theassigned bit number, the bit number being determined in accordance withthe result, the metadata being indicative of at least one characteristicfrom the first set of characteristics with which the data container andEPG data comprised therein are associated; and means for broadcast tobroadcast the data fragment in the data container.